Older children and adults may have either a mild febrile syndrome or the classic incapacitating disease with high fever. Dengue fever, a very old disease, has reemerged in the past 20 years with an expanded geographic distribution of both the viruses and the mosquito vectors, increased epidemic activity, the development of hyperendemicity the cocirculation of multiple serotypes, and the emergence of dengue hemorrhagic fever in new geographic regions. The presence of fever, rash, and headache the dengue triad is characteristic of dengue fever. Do pregnant women or breastfeeding mothers need to take extra precautions. Dengue chapter 4 2020 yellow book travelers health. Dengue classically presents with high fever, headache, body aches, exanthem, and generalized lymphadenopathy. Dengue fever vaccine, symptoms, treatment, prevention. Schematic depiction of the symptoms of dengue fever. Dengue fever symptoms include sudden onset of a fever that may last from 2 to 7 days with intense headache, joint and muscle pain, and a rash. The complications of severe dengue can lead to collapse and sometimes death. It is a caused by a flavivirus with four distinct serotypes dv1, dv2, dv3, and dv4. Dengue fever is a virus transmitted to humans through bites from the aedes mosquito, a daybiting mosquito.
The mosquito becomes infected when it bites a person with dengue virus in their blood. The epidemiological data and guidelines for treatment were downloaded from the websites of international agencies, including the world health. Dengue guidelines, documents and manuals dengue virus net. More information on dengue fever is available in the ecdc dengue fever factsheet 7. Other diseases caused by flaviviruses include yellow fever, japanese encephalitis and murray valley encephalitis. Dengue fever breakbone fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever. In a small proportion of cases, the disease develops into severe dengue, also known as dengue. Hence, individuals can be infected with dengue up to four times. Dengue is a disease caused by any one of four closely related dengue viruses denv1, denv2, denv3, and denv4. Dengue fever is a disease caused by the dengue virus which is transmitted to humans via the bite of an infective mosquito. Dengue is a febrile illness that can have a fatal outcome in severe cases. How do i view different file formats pdf, doc, ppt, mpeg on this site.
Local transmission of dengue fever in france and spain 2018. Dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever frequently asked questions what is dengue. In terms of morbidity, mortality and economic costs, dengue is. The illness commonly begins with a sudden rise in temperature accompanied by facial flush and other nonspecific constitutional symptoms of dengue fever. Patients with severe dengue can recover without sequelae if diagnosed early and treated appropriately. Treatment there is no specific treatment for classic dengue fever, and most people recover within 2 weeks. Health effects from dengue include fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, rash, muscle and joint pain, and minor bleeding. Dengue fever treatment as with most viruses, treatment options for dengue will only manage its symptoms. Following these meetings, guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and. Dengue occurs in many tropical and subtropical areas of the world, particularly subsaharan africa, the middle east, southeast asia, and central and south america. Aedes mosquitoes have a diurnal biting pattern, both indoors and outdoors. Dengue is a viral disease and transmitted by the aedes mosquito. The only recognised treatment in dengue fever is maintaining.
There is no treatment for dengue fever, and about 40 percent of. Comprehensive guidelines for prevention and control of dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever vii dengue fever is the fastest emerging arboviral infection spread by aedes mosquitoes with major public health consequences in over 100 tropical and subtropical countries in southeast asia, the western pacific and south and central america. Clinical findings include nausea, vomiting, rash, aches and pains, a positive tourniquet test, leukopenia, and the following. Dengue fever is a mosquitoborne tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. Clinical practice guidelines of denguedengue hemorrhagic fever.
It is widespread across asia, the pacific, central and southern america and africa where these mosquitoes exist. Dengue knowledge for medical students and physicians. Dengue guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, prevention and. Classification schemes overview in 1997, the world health organization who published a classification scheme describing three categories of symptomatic denv infection. For severe dengue symptoms, including shock and coma, early and aggressive emergency treatment. In november 2009, the world health organization who issued a new guideline that classifies symptomatic cases as dengue or severe dengue. If you suspect you or someone you know has dengue fever, contact your doctor or health department immediately. Dengue is an infection caused by one of four dengue viruses in the family flaviviridae. Guide for diagnosis, treatment and control of dengue hemorrhagic fever. Aspirinfree fever reducers like acetaminophen, pain medications, rest, and fluid for rehydration are typically prescribed. A practical guide to the diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever. Call your doctor right away if you develop any of the following. Dengue virus infection is spread primarily by the mosquito vector aedes aegypti and causes significant morbidity and mortality worldwide.
Treatment of acute dengue fever is supportive, with either oral or intravenous rehydration for mild or. Since the second edition of dengue haemorrhagic fever. It is important to note that a severe form of dengue, known as dengue haemorrhagic fever dhf, may also be a risk wherever the disease occurs. Pain relievers that dont make bleeding worse may be taken, such as tylenol acetaminophen. Dengue fever is a disease caused by a family of viruses transmitted by aedes mosquitoes symptoms of dengue fever include severe joint and muscle pain, swollen lymph nodes, headache, fever, exhaustion, and rash. The disease can take up to 2 weeks to develop with illness generally lasting less than a week. Dengue is a febrile illness caused by a flavivirus transmitted by aedes aegypti or aedes albopictus mosquitoes while taking a blood meal. Dengue fever is transmitted by the bite of an aedes mosquito infected with a dengue virus. Dengue is a disease caused by a virus spread through mosquito bites. Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes especially aedes aegypti and is widely distributed throughout the tropics and subtropics. It is sometimes difficult to differentiate dengue from other febrile diseases such as malaria and typhoid, so tests may be needed to exclude these. If you get dengue fever once, can you get it again. Dengue guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control.
Treatment of dengue fever article pdf available in infection and drug resistance 51. World health organizationworld health organization, 1997. Do people who have contracted dengue fever need to be quarantined. Once someone becomes infected with it, his or her symptoms are treated. Dengue fever the clinical features of df frequently depend on the age of the patient. Symptoms of dengue can occur from 314 days, commonly 47 days, after the bite of an infected mosquito. Comprehensive guidelines for prevention and control of dengue and dengue. There are four different serotypes of dengue virus denv14 circulating in the world, including singapore. If you think you have dengue pdf 1 page see a healthcare provider if you develop a fever or have symptoms of dengue. Dengue is the most common mosquitoborne viral disease in the world.
Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by some types of mosquitoes. Clinical implications and treatment of dengue core. It is an important cause of fever in the returned traveller. Dengue, guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control. Pdf dengue fever, also known as breakbone fever, is a mosquitoborne infectious tropical. Laboratory diagnosis of suspected dengue specimens involves using serological tests starting five days. Dengue fever is a mosquitoborne infection that causes severe flulike symptoms and can be fatal.
Other countries approved its use in adults up to age 45 in endemic areas. Older data suggested an estimated 50100 million cases of dengue fever and 500,000 cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever occur worldwide, with 22,000 deaths mainly in children. Dengue fever symptoms, treatments, prevention texas extension. Guidelines for dengue fever and dengue haemorrhagic fever. Dengue in asia and the pacific islands watch level 1. Treatment usually involves treating symptoms such as managing fever, general aches and pains. The fever may go down temporarily after three days, making many patients think it is over. If you suspect you or someone you know has dengue fever, contact your doctor or. Dengue virus is prevalent throughout the tropics and subtropics. The viruses are transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito. These may include a high fever, headache, vomiting, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash. Centers for disease control advises people with dengue fever not to take aspirin. Dengue outbreaks occur each year in north queensland following cases imported from overseas. There is currently no recommended vaccine available against dengue fever in europe, and treatment of the disease is symptomatic and supportive.
Symptoms typically begin three to fourteen days after infection. The rash usually appears on the hands, arms, legs and feet 3 to 4 days. To help with recovery, health care experts recommend. Prevention is possible in children ages 916 with a labconfirmed previous dengue infection with a vaccine, dengvaxia, approved by the fda in the u.
Take acetaminophen also known as paracetamol outside of the united states to control fever. Drink plenty of fluids such as water or drinks with. Older children and adults may have either a mild febrile syndrome or the classic incapacitating disease with high fever of abrupt onset. This acute febrile illness can be a deadly infection in cases of severe manifestation, causing dengue hemorrhagic shock. Persons who have traveled to a tropical or subtropical region should consult their physician if they develop symptoms.
Symptoms of dengue fever infection usually begin 47 days after the infectious mosquito bite and typically last 310 days. Patients should be advised to stay well hydrated and to avoid aspirin acetylsalicylic acid, aspirincontaining drugs, and other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen because of their anticoagulant properties. It is difficult to distinguish infection with dengue from zika, as well as chikungunya, as they share a similar geographical spread, and some clinical signs. Severe dengue asian society for pediatric infectious diseases. The symptoms of dengue fever include sudden onset of fever. Dengue fever is a virus, so it needs to run its course. There are four dengue virus denv types denv1, denv2, denv3, and denv4, all of which are capable of inducing severe disease dengue hemorrhagic fever dhf dengue shock syndrome dss. Prevention and treatment and dengue virus infection. The hemorrhagic form of dengue fever is more severe and symptoms may include loss of appetite, persistent vomiting, high fever, headache, difficulty breathing. A patient infected with dengue exhibits flulike symptoms and a fever that runs for two to seven days. There is no specific treatment for dengue and innovative approaches are needed in preventing the disease at the com munity level. This increase is believed to be to be due to multiple factors. A small proportion of cases can progress to severe dengue sometimes called dengue haemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome, which can occur in both adults and children.
Racgp dengue clinical and public health ramifications. A rapid deterioration can occur 25 days after onset of fever. Antibiotics are ineffective at treating this disease. Dengue fever frequently asked questions faq general. Infants and young children may have an undifferentiated febrile disease, often with a maculopapular rash.
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